• br Role of AMPK in

  2023-08-02

  

  Role of AMPK in inflammation signaling Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), activate Ikβ kinase (IKKβ), which phosphorylates IκBα, triggering the degradation of proteasomal IκB. This liberates active nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) to translocate i

• br Introduction AMPA receptors AMPARs mediate the majority o

  2023-08-02

  

  Introduction AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the 130 ml (Jonas, 2000). The brevity of EPSCs and rapid deactivation of AMPARs depend upon a short lifetime of synaptically released glutamate, estimated to be about 1 ms (Clements et a

• br Conclusions Extract of non germinated winter rape

  2023-08-02

  

  Conclusions Extract of non-germinated winter rape seeds cv. Bellevue was screened for the aminopeptidase activity. It revealed broad substrate specificity, with the highest activity toward Phe-pNA. Also in the partially purified sample, phenylalanine was preferentially hydrolysed. PMSF, known ser

• br Author contributions br Funding This

  2023-08-02

  

  Author contributions Funding This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, project no. 14-16220S. Additional support was provided by NIH R01CA117907 grant awarded to J.M.E. Conflict of interest Introduction The dioxin-like family includes polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbon

• TAI-1 mg br Role of OCT in histamine clearance Histamine is

  2023-08-02

  

  Role of OCT3 in histamine clearance Histamine is a powerful neuromodulator, as well as a regulator of immune processes and vascular tone in the central nervous system (Gross, 1981; Haas et al., 2008; Jutel et al., 2006). In contrast to 5-HT and the catecholamines, a high-affinity transporter for

• Since non lipoprotein derived free cholesterol

  2023-08-02

  

  Since non-lipoprotein-derived free cholesterol is recycled from the plasma membrane through the endosomal system through receptor-independent mechanisms, we wanted to determine whether ABCA2 could alter the trafficking of this source of free cholesterol. Our approach was to measure the effect of mob

• Given the profound expression of HT

  2023-08-02

  

  Given the profound Brilliant Blue G of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A in the hippocampal CA1 region, and their potential to complex with mGluRs, the objective of this study was to examine if sleep deprivation alters the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and determine whether potential changes are reversi

• When added to the culture medium extracellular ATP is

  2023-08-02

  

  When added to the culture medium, extracellular ATP is metabolized into adenosine by ectonucleotidases, and ARs are then activated by adenosine with concentrations in the micromolar range [27]. However, our study showed that activation of ARs by exogenous adenosine could not induce the odontoblastic

• br Concluding remarks ROP is a major

  2023-08-02

  

  Concluding remarks ROP is a major cause of childhood blindness in the world. Current pharmacological therapy focus on anti-VEGF strategy, but this strategy is associated with the unintended effects on delayed eye growth and retinal vasculature development of preterm infants. Preclinical studies u

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Autoantibodies directed

  2023-08-01

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Autoantibodies directed at neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels are pathogenic and/or biomarkers in several autoimmune neurological diseases [1]. For example, autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channels, the P/Q-type (α1A) voltage-gated

• The adult muscle type acetylcholine receptor AChR

  2023-08-01

  

  The adult muscle-type SC 79 receptor (AChR), the exemplar pLGIC, is a heteropentamer comprising two α subunits, and one each of the β, δ, and ɛ subunits (Sine, 2012). These five subunits come together in a counterclockwise α-ɛ-α-δ-β arrangement (Figure 1A). Binding of acetylcholine to the AChR's tw

• The present in vitro pharmacological experiments

  2023-08-01

  

  The present in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed that the cholinergic up-regulation of VEGF expression in neurons and astrocytes was mainly mediated by nicotinic AChR and muscarinic AChR, respectively. In addition, neuronal VEGF expression was elevated by endogenous ACh in a manner that was

• The effect of capital deductions on equilibrium prices

  2023-08-01

  

  The effect of capital deductions on equilibrium prices is given by the following comparative statics Thus, equilibrium prices are strictly decreasing in the share of capital cost deduction. The reason is that a higher share of capital cost deduction reduces the effective marginal costs, which makes

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypospadias is a common c

  2023-08-01

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The mean prevalence in per 10,000 live births from 1910 to 2013 were: Europe 19.9,

• br Research perspective In vitro

  2023-08-01

  

  Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron

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